Prevalence Status of Antibodies of Japanese Encephalitis in Pigs in Peri-Urban Area of Chennai

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito borne viral zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) of Flaviviridae family and it is one of the leading causes of acute encephalitis syndrome in Asian countries. This study was conducted between November 2018 and February 2019 to understand the dynamic status of sero-prevalence of Japanese encephalitis in pigs in peri-urban areas of Chennai using indirect ELISA. A total of 241 sera samples of pigs was collected from peri-urban areas of Chennai and subjected to indirect IgG capture commercial ELISA kit for screening for JEV antibodies. The overall prevalence of JEV antibodies was found as 35.48% which showed the circulation of JEV antibodies in swine population in peri-urban areas of Chennai indicating that pigs still act as amplifier hosts for vectors for the transmission of the disease in Peri-urban areas of Chennai

An institutional experience in insertion of hemodialysis catheter and peritoneal dialysis catheter for children with end stage renal disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are major health care problems worldwide even in Pediatric population. The etiology of CKD in children with ESRD is varied. Most of them are started on peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis before being considered for renal transplantation.The aims and objective of this study was to analyzed the patient group, methodology, results and outcomes of hemodialysis catheter insertion and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) catheter insertion for children with ESRD. The etiology of ESRD in children with CKD is also reviewed.Methods: All children with ESRD who underwent CAPD catheter and haemodialysis catheter insertion over a period of 5 years were included in the study. CAPD catheters were inserted by open and laparoscopic assisted methods. The procedures were done without image guidance due to logistical constraints in a limited resource scenario. Analysis of all relevant case records, operative notes and postoperative events were done.Results: A total of 40 patients who underwent CAPD and hemodialysis catheter insertions were analysed. The primary cases (no previous insertion of dialysis catheter) included 29 and secondary cases (history of previous insertion of dialysis catheter) were 7. Re-insertions (of the same type of dialysis catheter) were 2 in each group. No significant complications occurred in either group.Conclusions: Dialysis catheters for ESRD in Paediatric population can be inserted safely even without image guidance and with very few complications.